This paper discusses the relative performance of two of the larger European healthcare biotechnology economies, Germany and the UK. It updates to 2006 material first gathered in the late 1990s showing longitudinally the evolutionary trajectories in the main biotechnology clusters of the two countries.

A comparative analysis of the biotechnology clusters located in Cardiff, Wales; Washington DC and its surrounding metropolitan area; and Cambridge, UK to determine whether the cluster effect occuring at these locations is advancing the regional gentrification efforts.